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Utilize vector-based pedestrian movement. Analyze congestion at entrance gate. Analyze time required to fill auditorium. Predicting macro-state pedestrian problems. Z Problems with the CA Model(CA models density diffusion and is not suited for individual behaviors. Difficult to model the mosh-pit (ignored privacy rules). Difficult to model groups traveling together. Difficult to model changing pedestrian velocities, necessary to represent hard-core spectators.2 g_ $Reason for Using Agents (Advantages)$%( dAble to assign different characteristics and behaviors to individual pedestrians. (bottom-up) Able to model groups of agents traveling and sitting together. Able to model aggressive individuals, who have more motivation or different perceptions of space-time (adjusted rules). Able to send pedestrians to specific locations (targeted seating or mosh-pit).2e R ZMulti Agent System Includes:(*Release Poisson distribution of automata equivalent to the number of tickets sold. Pedestrian sized 2-D lattice, regular-grid tessellation (75cm2). Attraction components are early arrival (temporal) and closer seats (spatial). Walls, the mosh-pit & collision-tolerances are repulsion components.4+  *6 0Pedestrian Rules(A pedestrian prefers to go straight ahead as long as possible, provided the alternative route isn t more attractive. A pedestrian will change directions as late as possible. A pedestrian will move at a comfortable speed. A pedestrian prefers to maintain a buffer distance from other pedestrians and obstacles. From Helbing & Molnar (1998)(W$:? DScales within the Model Representing the system with multiple scales.E(-bEnvironment Scales & characteristics Seating  Empty, Taken & Reserved Rows  Empty, Partial & Taken Hall Capacity  Percent filled (0-100%) Facility Grounds  Open or Closed@%ZlZ% DThe Tipping Points (facilitate changes in characteristics / states)$E(1Tipping Point changes states What s the unit scale? What s the current state? Apply tipping criteria Observe resulting stateHmdZ`ldZ` Incorporating GIS / GI-Science(Nearest-Neighbor Analysis  interaction with neighbors determines how individual automata react. Automata can use gaps for changing lanes or to avoid congestion. Shortest Path Analysis Buffering Personal Space Pedestrian navigation requires the model to represent a real spatial environment (Schelhorn et. al, 1999, pp. 4-5).RG (#%  Getting the Data(gSpatial Data Auditorium & Grounds: Survey-grade GPS Seating, corridors, mosh-pit: Linear measurements @ %[l [I  Using the Model to Test Theories!!(   My Turtles  (   References  (Torrens, Paul. (2003). Geosimulation, automata, and traffic modeling. In Handbooks in Transport 5: Transport geography and spatial systems. London: Pergamon/Elsevier Science. Schelhorn, T., O Sullivan, D., Haklay, M. & Thurstain- Goodwin, M. (1999). Streets: An agent-based pedestrian model. Working paper series (9). London: CASA. Helbing, D. & Molnar, P. (1998). 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Randy Hancock 2P p C (Amycrowd RH p 0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +A   0 h`@t(  tr t S Pp  , r t S   00  2 t N ?"6@`NNN?N0   0 t Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H t 0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +  0 `|z(  |r | S 9, @  , r | S 9, ` 0` , N | C &A20x20b; H | 0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +]  0 |p(  r  S DN,0  , r  S O, `0p ,   Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H  0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +  0  Px(  xr x S 4^, @  , r x S  _, 0 @0 ,  x S 8Ascale_image2`   0 x Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H x 0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +s  0 *(  r  S k,0  ,   S t, `Pp , "p`Pp  Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H  0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +  0 D< (  r  S w `     S p P @   "p`Pp  04   PH@___PPT9" ZPedestrian Scales & characteristics Individuals  velocity, motivation, general or seat# Groups  velocity, motivation, general or seat#, groupID Audience  audience type (rock, country, blues, etc.)^$ lP lP$", #p`Pp  S 8Ascale_image2j   0  Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H  0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +  0 % (  r  S H,  ,   S P,  `  , "p`Ppo  0,  PH@___PPT9" ASpatial Example: Seating scale Empty Empty & directly ahead TakenDmd1ld1p`Pp|  0,  PH@___PPT9" BTemporal Example: Facility scale Closed Tipping @ time 18:00 OpenPmd0ld0p`Pp  Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0  S 8Ascale_image2`0 `   0H  0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +]  0 |(  r  S l,Pp  , r  S D,  ,   Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H  0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +  0 Z(  r  S 0,    ,   S , ` @  , "p`Pp(  0D,  0PH@___PPT9" pPedestrian Data Statistical observation Social-economic census (Age, Income) Spectator Survey  incentive is free ticket L%jlip`Pp  Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H  0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +;  0 bZ(  r  S 3     P  H8  ?"6@ NNN?N``  FThis model can be used to analyze real world problems with pedestrian traffic flows, like the expected bottleneck at the admittance gate. Results may be useful in finding alternatives for renovation and new construction or to minimize impediments that restrict pedestrian flows. The simulations may provide additional support to theories by Helbing & Molnar, who suggest that a broader door doesn t necessarily increase the efficiency of pedestrian flow. Rather, two doors are much more efficient than a single door at double-width (1998, p.6).$ 2$W  Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H  0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B +   0 p `(  r  S pC P    8  j `   S *A PLAY2  p c 0  S *A PLAY146 a 0  S *A PLAY4 j  g 0  S *A PLAY3 p e 0  HF  ?"6@ NNN?N0 P  51(2   ZK  ?"6@ NNN?Npm 32   ZN  ?"6@ NNN?Np 34   ZD-  ?"6@ NNN?N 0 m P  33"  H, ?"6@ NNN?N  l6http://www.deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel/concert.nlogo7(27H  0޽h ? f3f___PPT10i.%0+D=' ?= @B +]  0 |(  r  S S     r  S hT  Pp     Z g ?"6@`NNN?N  0H  0޽h ? f3f3y___PPT10Y+D=' ?= @B + 0 B:P(  ^  S (K   ,4  c $ , 0)  , I don t have any expertise in crowds and I don t haven t read any papers other than spatial modeling regarding crowds. I chose crowd behavior because I felt it was something I could actually build a working model for.H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.$>5' 0 .(  ^  S (K     c $D`  0)   $The problems with CA initiated my choice for an agent model. When I refer to difficult, I don t even know if it s even possible in CA. H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.('P P 0 `(  ^  S (K     c $,s  0)   VBEffective Bottom-Up Approach for observing collective behaviors. H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.('5 0 ( (  ^  S (K     c $(z  0)   If you don t know what a Poisson distribution is, here s your first question.H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.)'KA 0 Q(  ^  S (K     c $  0)   G3Add: Pedestrians also move at a comfortable speed.H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.)'?2 0 NF(  ^  S (K   @  c $p  0)    Reserved might service boolean requests for seat that are both empty && taken.  Partial might service shortest-path analysis for getting to the seats. Pedestrian characteristics are quantitative values.H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.)'gF 0 %(  ^  S (K     c $`  0)   NNAnalysis: also needed for groups traveling together Shortest-Path: mimics targeted pedestrian movement needed to find the gate and seats. Buffered Space: learned in class some avoid walls, old people might need more space than younger. H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.)'@ܖ  0 d\(  ^  S (K   V  c $l  0)   Facility data could come from aerial photography and a quadrangle. Statistical observation = counters, time-lapse photography. Age  might provide walking speed. Income  richer people can afford better seats, sitting closer to stage.H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.*'p v  0 (  ^  S (K     c $̰  0)`  H@___PPT9" ,Current model satisfies: Models pedestrians flowing into the auditorium. Utilizes vector-based trajectories. Agents go to designated seating or the mosh-pit. 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_PID_HLINKSA`@http://www.math.csusb.edu/faculty/stanton/probstat/poisson.html!http://deinc.com/5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel%http://deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel7http://www.deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel/concert.nlogo7http://www.deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel/concert.nlogo7http://www.deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel/concert.nlogo7http://www.deinc.com/geog5160/agentmodel/concert.nlogo%_u 0Randy HancockRandy Hancock  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./012s456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]rtuvwxyz|}~Root EntrydO)+ PicturescCurrent User4GSummaryInformation(3xUPowerPoint 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Utilize vector-based pedestrian movement. Analyze congestion at entrance gate. Analyze time required to fill auditorium. Predicting macro-state pedestrian problems. Z Problems with the CA Model(CA models density diffusion and is not suited for individual behaviors. Difficult to model the mosh-pit (ignored privacy rules). Difficult to model groups traveling together. Difficult to model changing pedestrian velocities, necessary to represent hard-core spectators.2 g_ $Reason for Using Agents (Advantages)$%( dAble to assign different characteristics and behaviors to individual pedestrians. (bottom-up) Able to model groups of agents traveling and sitting together. Able to model aggressive individuals, who have more motivation or different perceptions of space-time (adjusted rules). Able to send pedestrians to specific locations (targeted seating or mosh-pit).2e R ZMulti Agent System Includes:(+Release Poisson distribution of automata equivalent to the number of tickets sold. Pedestrian sized 2-D lattice, regular-grid tessellation (75cm2). Attraction components are early arrival (temporal) and closer seats (spatial). Walls, the mosh-pit & collision-tolerances are repulsion components.4,  *6 0Pedestrian Rules(A pedestrian prefers to go straight ahead as long as possible, provided the alternative route isn t more attractive. A pedestrian will change directions as late as possible. A pedestrian will move at a comfortable speed. A pedestrian prefers to maintain a buffer distance from other pedestrians and obstacles. From Helbing & Molnar (1998)(W$:? DScales within the Model Representing the system with multiple scales.E(-bEnvironment Scales & characteristics Seating  Empty, Taken & Reserved Rows  Empty, Partial & Taken Hall Capacity  Percent filled (0-100%) Facility Grounds  Open or Closed@%ZlZ% DThe Tipping Points (facilitate changes in characteristics / states)$E(1Tipping Point changes states What s the unit scale? What s the current state? Apply tipping criteria Observe resulting stateHmdZ`ldZ` Incorporating GIS / GI-Science(Nearest-Neighbor Analysis  interaction with neighbors determines how individual automata react. Automata can use gaps for changing lanes or to avoid congestion. Shortest Path Analysis Buffering Personal Space Pedestrian navigation requires the model to represent a real spatial environment (Schelhorn et. al, 1999, pp. 4-5).RG (#%  Getting the Data(gSpatial Data Auditorium & Grounds: Survey-grade GPS Seating, corridors, mosh-pit: Linear measurements @ %[l [I  Using the Model to Test Theories!!(   My Turtles  (   References  (Torrens, Paul. (2003). Geosimulation, automata, and traffic modeling. In Handbooks in Transport 5: Transport geography and spatial systems. London: Pergamon/Elsevier Science. Schelhorn, T., O Sullivan, D., Haklay, M. & Thurstain- Goodwin, M. (1999). Streets: An agent-based pedestrian model. Working paper series (9). London: CASA. Helbing, D. & Molnar, P. (1998). 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